糖心原创

Home⇛DAVAO RESEARCH JOURNAL⇛vol. 11 no. 2 (2016)

Extent of Factors Contributing to Child Labor in Mati City, Philippines

Sarah Jean Danda | Warren Bacala | Sheryl Bantayan

Discipline: humanities (non-specific)

 

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which factors contribute to child labor in Mati City, Davao Oriental. Using a quantitative research design, the researcher employed a descriptive method with 110 children and youth as respondents. This study utilized statistical tools, including percentages, frequency counts, means, and ANOVA, to analyze the data. The findings revealed that children and youth used for child labor in Mati City were mainly male. Moreover, most of the children and youth used for child labor were not attending school and did not receive any formal education. They lived under the total custody of their parents, who had a large family (4 to 12 children) and earned a modest income (P5,000.00 to P7,000.00) per month, and were predominantly Roman Catholic. It was found that factors contributing to child labor include low income, lack of education, cultural issues, and unemployment. The data gathered revealed that there was no significant difference in the extent of contribution to child labor among the said factors when analyzed by gender, age, educational level, educational background, and household income. There was a significant difference in the factor of employment when analyzed by household size and guardian, and education when analyzed by gender, age, educational background, and educational level. The most significant factor contributing to child labor was income. The researchers recommend conducting similar studies that involve a bigger sample size of randomly selected children and youth to determine other possible associated factors with child labor in Davao Oriental.



References:

  1. Acupan, W. (2015).Women and Children Protection Office.Mati City Police Station. Mati City, Davao Oriental.
  2. Aqil, Zahid (2012). “Nexus between Poverty & Child Labour: Measuring the Impact of Poverty Alleviation on Child Labour”. Good Thinkers Organization for Human Development, Kasur.
  3. Banerjee SR. Child labor in suburban areas of Calcutta, West Bengal.Indian Pediatr 1990; 28: 1038-1042.
  4. Barman, S. (2011). Socio-Economic and Demographic Impact on Child Labour in India
  5. Basu K. and Tzannatos, Z. (2003).The Global Child Labor Problem: What Do We Know and What Can We Do? World Bank Econ Rev, 17:147-73.
  6. Bequele, A. and J. Boyden. (198). “Working Children: Current Trends and Policy Responses.” International Labor Review 127,2: 153-171.
  7. Bernston, M. (2002).Introduction to Statistics. Steps in Significance/Hypothesis Testing Using the F Distribution for One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Retrieved at Grinnell.edu.
  8. Blay, B. (2013). Introduction to Statistics.
  9. Brown, G. (2011). Child Labor and Educational Disadvantage-Breaking the Link, Building Opportunity. United Nations.
  10. Canagarajah,S. and Nielsin, H.S. (1999). Child Labor and Schooling in Africa: A Comparative Study. Social Protection Discussion Paper No. 9916, July 1999.
  11. Chernichovsky, D. (1985). “Socioeconomic and Demographic Aspects of School Enrollment and Attendance in Rural Botswana.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 32:319-332 DOI:
  12. Choy,J. (2015). Religion and the Family: The Case of the Amish. ? &v=pdf
  13. Creswell, J. W. (2003). Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches(2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  14. Dessy and Palage (2003). Child Labor in the artisan sector of Morocco: Determinants and health effects. SantePublique. 12:31-43.
  15. De Vos. A. (2011).How to use the p-value in decision making.
  16. Duryea, S., Lam, D and Levison D. (2007). “Intermittent child employment and its implications for estimates of child labour.” International Labour Review, 146(3-4): 217-251. PMCID: PMC2546602.DOI. Abstract DOI:10.1111/j.1564-913X.2007.00014.x
  17. Edmonds, E. V. (2008). Child labor.Handbook of Development Economics.Volume 4, Chapter 57. North-Holland: Elsevier. DOI:
  18. Fyfe, A. (1999), Child Labor and Education: Revisiting the Policy Debate, IREWOC Workshop,Childhood Poverty Research and Policy Centre, Amsterdam, 15-17 November 1999
  19. Frederick, T. (2006). Foundations of research and statistical methods.New York, NY: Guiford Press.
  20. Industrial Psychiatry Journal (2011). Child Labor issues and challenges from DOI: 10.4103/0972 6748.98406
  21. International Labour Organization (2013).World Report on Child Labour Economic vulnerability,social protection and the fight against child labour. Geneva.
  22. International LabourOrganization (2008). Children in hazardous work. What we know. What we need to do. International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC)
  23. International Labour Organization (2006), The end of child labor: Within reach. ILO, Geneva.
  24. International Labour Organization (2004), Global Child labor data review: A gender perspective, Vol. 3 (ISBN92-2-115294-4). Geneva, Switzerland International Labour Review (1997)
  25. Jensen, R. (2000). DEVELOPMENT OF INDICATORS ON CHILD LABOR.Retrieved on April 5, 2016 from
  26. Kaomba, C.S. (2013). Role of Community Leaders and Impact of Culture in Eliminating Child Labor
  27. Kruger, D. et al. (2007). Household Choices of Child Labor and Schooling: A Simple Model with Application to Brazil.
  28. Kukwaw, P.A. (2013). Analytical Study on Child Labor Volta Fishing in Ghana
  29. Lindert, P. (1976). “Child Costs and Economic Development.” In R.A. Easterlin, ed Population and Economic Change in Developing Countries. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  30. Matsuno, A. and J. Blagbrough (2005). Child Domestic Labor in South-East and East Asia: Emerging Good Practices to Combat It; Bangkok, Thailand, ILO–SRO Bangkok.
  31. Mayer, G. (2010). Child Labor in America: History, Policy, and Legislative Issues
  32. Mayer, S. (2002). The Influence of Parental Income on Children’s Outcomes.
  33. Mondal et al. (2012). Profile of child labor in Indian railways Retrieved on April 5,2016 from
  34. Narayan, R. (2000). The Global Child Labor Problem: What Do We Know and What Can We Do? World Bank Econ Rev. 17:147-73.
  35. Omokhodion, F. O., S. I. Omokhodion, and T. O. Odusote. (2006). “Perceptions of Child Labour Among Working Children in Ibadan, Nigeria.” Child: Care, Health & Development 32(3):281-286.
  36. Patrinos, H.A and Siddiqi, F. (2000). CHILD LABOUR: ISSUES, CAUSES AND INTERVENTIONS. Retrieved on April 1, 2016 from
  37. Patrinos H.A. and G. Psacharopoulos. 1995. “Educational Performance and Child Labor in Paraguay.” International Journal of Educational Development 15,1: 47-60. 0593(94)E0001 5
  38. Pogoso, C., Garcia, G. and Guerrero de Leon, C. (1992). Fundamental Statistics for College Students ISBN: 971-554-077-5 ?
  39. Polan, C.M. and Bacayag, P. (2007).Child Labor in the Mining Industry in Region XI. stract_CM-PolanPGBayacag.pdf
  40. Rialp, J. (1993). Child Prostitution in the Philippines.
  41. Seetharamu, A.S. and U. Devi. (1985). Education in Rural Areas: Constraints and Prospects. NewDelhi: Ashish Publishing House. ISBN: 0836413695 / 978 0836413694 (hardcover APH edition) and other editions list 8170241030 / 978 8170241034
  42. Singh, R. and G.E. Schuh. 1986. “The Economic Contribution of Farm Children and the Household Fertility Decisions: Evidence from a Developing Country, Brazil.” Indian Journal of Agricultural Economy 41,1: 29-40. ?
  43. Srivastava, K. (2011). Child Labour Issues and Challenges.
  44. Syed, K.A., A. Mirza, R. Sultana and I. Rana. 1991. “Child Labour: Socioeconomic Consequences.” Pakistan and Gulf Economist 10: 36-39.
  45. Thomas, P. (2008). Probation v. Abolition: Untangling the Constitutional Tangle. Journal of the Indian Law Institute.April-June 2008, volume 50.
  46. Thompson, B. (2006).Foundations of behavioural statistics. New York NY:Guilford Press.
  47. Tauson, Michaelle (2009). “Child Labour in Latin America: Poverty as Cause and Effect
  48. Ullen, A. and Eck, K. (2011).Science theory and Methology.Social work program, ErstaSkondal University College.
  49. UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund). 1992. Children of the Americas: Child Survival, Protection and Integrated Development in the 1990’s. Santa Fe de Bogota, Colombia.
  50. UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund). 2004. Situation assessment and analysis of child rights in Surename. UNICEF and the Government.
  51. Wahba, Jackline, 2000 Do market wages influence child labor and child schooling. University of Southampton, Dep. of Economics. 2002. (Working Paper). http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/…/dp23144.pdf
  52. Weiner, M. (1991).The Child and the State in India. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  53. Weston, B. (2005), Child Labor and Human Rights: Making Children Matter. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  54. Winter, B. (2015).The F-distribution and the basic principle behing ANOVAs.

Tools


Copyright © 2026  糖心原创 Exclusively distributed by