糖心原创

HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 47 no. 2 (2025)

Mediating Effect of Emotional Intelligence Between Psychological Capital and Career Readiness among Future Maritime Leaders

Rose Ann Vasquez

Discipline: others in psychology

 

Abstract:

As mental health concern among seafarers continues to rise, this quantitative study adopts a proactive approach to strengthen maritime students' psychological resilience through emotional intelligence (EI) and psychological capital (PsyCap). Using stratified random sampling, 178 respondents from a private maritime academy in Laguna were selected based on a .075 effect size and 95% confidence level via G*Power. Data were gathered using two adopted tools (WLEIS and CAAS) and one adapted tool (PCQ), with Cronbach's Alpha coefficients of 0.91, 0.92, and 0.84, and a Lawshe Content Validity Index of 1.00. The analysis involved frequency, percentage, mean, Likert scale, regression, and the Sobel Test. Findings revealed high levels of PsyCap (hope: 5.32, efficacy: 5.21, resilience: 5.36, optimism: 5.49), EI (self-emotion appraisal: 6.04, others' emotion appraisal: 5.79, use of emotions: 6.16, regulation of emotions: 6.06), and career readiness (concern: 4.52, control: 4.47, curiosity: 4.54, confidence: 4.54). Regression results showed PsyCap significantly influenced career readiness (B = .588, p < .000, 34.6%) and EI (B = .759, p < .000, 57.6%), while EI influenced career readiness (B = .488, p < .000, 23.8%). Sobel Test confirmed EI as a partial mediator between PsyCap and career readiness (t = 6.689, p < .000), indicating PsyCap's standalone impact on readiness. An action plan was proposed to enhance EI, PsyCap, and career readiness among maritime students.



References:

  1. Arralde, N. (2022). Let's Talk 糖心原创… UKP&I Club.  
  2. Boo, S., Wang, C., & Kim, M. (2021). Career adaptability, future time perspective, and career anxiety among undergraduate students: A cross-national comparison. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 29, 100328.
  3. Brooks, S.K., Greenberg, N. (2022). Mental health and psychological well-being of maritime personnel: a systematic review. BMC Psychol 10, 139.
  4. Cresswell, J. W, & Creswell, J. D (2023). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage Publications, Inc.
  5. D'Souza, G. S., Irudayasamy, F. G., Usman, S. A., Andiappan, V. S., & Parayitam, S. (2021). The Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Capital on Knowledge, Service and Leadership Excellence: Knowledge Sharing and Trust as Moderators. FIIB Business Review.
  6. Da Costa, M., Pinto, L., Martins, H., Vieira, D. (2021). Developing psychological capital and emotional intelligence in higher education: A field experiment with economics and management students. Science Direct.
  7. Del Rosario, C., Dalaklis, D., Kitada, M., Bolmsten, J. (2020) Improving Governance Of Maritime Higher Education Institutions To Ensure Success Of Filipino Cadets. Research Gate. DOI:10.21125/inted.2020.0946
  8. Dissanayake, K.J, & Chandrasekara, P. G. R. B. (2023). Impact of Psychological Capital and Emotional Intelligence on the Job Performance; Reference to Higher Education Institutes in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI).
  9. Eler, G. (2022). Status of Self-efficacy, Emotional, and Resilience Quotient of Selected Maritime Students. Research Gate.
  10. Fernandez-Valera, M. M. (2023). Psychological Capital and Job Search: A Systematic Literature Review and Agenda for Future Research. International Journal for Search: A Systematic Literature Review and Agenda for Future Research.
  11. Galanakis, K. (2023). The Filipino market supply of seafarers and cadets and their contribution to the global merchant fleet. Safety4Sea.
  12. Gong Z, Chen Y, Wang Y. (2019). The Influence of Emotional Intelligence on Job Burnout and Job Performance: Mediating Effect of Psychological Capital. Front Psychol. 2019 Dec 10;10:2707. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02707. PMID: 31920783; PMCID: PMC6916327.
  13. Halimi, F., AlShammari, I. and Navarro, C. (2021). Emotional intelligence and academic achievement in higher education. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education.
  14. Hanik, K., Pramono, S. E.., Yulianto, A.., & Utomo, C. B. (2025). The Effect of Self-Efficacy on Academic Performance: The Mediating Role of Adaptation and Motivation in Seafaring Students. Journal of Ecohumanism, 4(1), 1739 –.
  15. Hassan, M. (2024). Stratified Random Sampling- Definition, Method, and Examples. Research Method.net.
  16. Hong, M., Dyakov, D. G., & Zheng, J. (2020). Self-esteem and psychological capital: Their mediation of the relationship between Big Five personality traits and creativity in college students. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 30(2), 119–124.
  17. International Chamber of Shipping. (2022, June). Shipping policy principles for pandemic recovery. International Chamber of Shipping.
  18. Jang, E. (2022). Authentic Leadership and Task Performance via Psychological Capital: The Moderated Mediation Role of Performance Pressure. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 722214.
  19. Kallou, S., Papachristos, D. A, Nikitakos, N., Dalaklis, D., Kitada, M. (2024). Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Teamwork in Ship's Bridge: A Proposed Training Framework for Upskilling. Research Gate.
  20. Khampirat, B. (2024). Psychometric characteristics of the career adapt-abilities scale in Thai undergraduate students: A multiple indicators multiple causes model. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1338401.
  21. Khan, A., Zeb, I., Zhang, Y., Fazal, S., Ding, J. (2024). Relationship between psychological capital and mental health at higher education: Role of perceived social support as a mediator.
  22. Kim, S.B., & Lee, J. (2021). Regression-based mediation analysis: A formula for the bias due to an unobserved precursor variable. Journal of the Korean Statistical Society, 50, 1058–1076.
  23. King, R. & Caleon, I. (2021). School Psychological Capital: Instrument Development, Validation, and Prediction. Springer Nature Link.
  24. Liveseas. (2024). A Career as a Seafarer: Challenges and Hardships.
  25. Ma, X., MacKinnon, D. P., Mathew, T., Agan, B., Luta, G., & Bebu, I. (2025). Generalized Inference for Mediation Analysis. Mathematics, 13(3), 396.
  26. Magsino, R. G., Paraggua, V. Q., Mobo, F. D., Acuavera, R. C., Villavicencio, L. D., Pasa, G. C., & Guiang, S. L. A. (2023). Students' onboard experiences: Basis for improved shipboard training program policy. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370420933_Students'_Onboard_Experiences_Basis_for_Improved_Shipboard_Training_Program_Policy
  27. Masuwai, A., Zulkifli, H., & Hamzah, M. I. (2024). Evaluation of content validity and face validity of secondary school Islamic education teacher self-assessment instrument. Cogent Education, 11(1).
  28. Meniano, S. (2024). Study shows rising mental disorder cases among Filipino seafarers. Philippine News Agency.
  29. Miezah, D., Opoku, M.P.,  Fenu, C. et al. (2025). Exploring the synergy between emotional intelligence and self-esteem among university students in Ghana. BMC Psychol 13, 22
  30. Moreno-Montero, E., Ferradás, M. d. M., & Freire, C. (2024). Personal Resources for Psychological Well-Being in University Students: The Roles of Psychological Capital and Coping Strategies. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 14(10), 2686-2701.
  31. Ngamkana, P. (2021). Management Practices of Sub-district Municipal Officials in Northern Thailand. Research Gate. DOI:10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i12/11704
  32. Nikolopoulou, K. (2022). What is Probability Sampling? Types & Examples. Scribbr.
  33. Park, J., & Yu, S. (2021). Validity and Reliability of the Korean version of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale for Nurses. SAGE Open.
  34. Pirsoul, T., Parmentier, M., Sovet, L., & Nils, F. (2023). Emotional intelligence and career-related outcomes: A meta-analysis. Human Resource Management Review, 33(3), 100967.
  35. Preacher, K. J. (2024). Calculation for the Sobel Test. Quantpsy.org.
  36. Pshembayeva, E., Pfeyfer, N., Uaikhanova, M., & Bubenchikova, A. (2022). Career success: Analysis and development of career opportunities in students. Frontiers in Education, 7, 999541.
  37. Puertas-Molero, P.,  Zurita-Ortega, F., Chacón-Cuberos, R., Castro-Sánchez, M., Ramírez-Granizo, C., & González-Valero, G. (2020). Emotional intelligence in the field of education: a meta-analysis. Annals of Psychology. file:///C:/Users/NYK/Downloads/agustinr,+p10-art-v36_1-345901-Maquetado%20(1).pdf
  38. Puspitacandri, A. (2020). The Effects of Intelligence, Emotional, Spiritual and Adversity Quotient on the Graduates Quality in Surabaya Shipping Polytechnic. Research Gate.
  39. Rachman, A., Sumali, B., Herawati, S., Cahyanti, F. B., Siregar, D. V., & Argo, J. B.  (2024). Enhancing Career Pathways for Maritime Graduates through Human Resource Management Strategies. Green Inflation: International Journal of Management and Strategic Business Leadership, 1(4), 151–166.
  40. Saile, P. J., Daan, J. A., Briones, E. B., Tabotabo, J. E., Ramo, C. M., & Canini, N. D. (2020). Stress, coping strategies, and academic performance of maritime students. Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 6(1), 74-92.
  41. Shukla, S. & Dhanker, D. (2024). Investigating the Association Between Emotional Intelligence and Mental Health Scores of Seafarers. International Journal of Innovative Research and Creative Technology.
  42. Siebring, M. (2022). Professional skills growth mindset, career adaptability, and the moderating role of supervisor support.
  43. Simanjuntak, M.B. (2024). Exploring Emotional Intelligence in Semester 3 Cadets at Maritime Institute Jakarta: Implications for Maritime Management and Education. Semantik : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Pendidikan, Bahasa Dan Budaya, 2(1), 131–141.
  44. Statista. (2023). Number of seafarers deployed overseas from the Philippines from 2016 to 2023.
  45. Svetina M, Perkovi膷 M, Yang C, Gu Y, Mindadze A, Mikeltadze N, Davitadze L, Gabedava G. (2024). Factors Impacting Seafarers' Mental Health and Career Intentions. Inquiry. 2024 Jan-Dec; 61:469580241229617. doi: 10.1177/00469580241229617. PMID: 38529893; PMCID: PMC10966976.
  46. Tang, L., Abila, S., Kitada, M., Malecosio S., Montes, K. (2022). Seafarers' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: An examination of current supportive measures and their perceived effectiveness, Marine Policy, Volume 145, 2022, 105276, ISSN 0308-597X,
  47. Uno, B. (2020). 10 Most Common Reasons Filipinos Want to be Seafarers. Marine Cafe Blog.
  48. Viezzer, S. (2024). How To Improve Emotional Intelligence. Simple Psychology.
  49. Wang, L., Ye, J., Lee, Y., & Miao, C. (2022). Analysis of influencing factors of subjective career unsuccessfulness of vocational college graduates from the Department of Navigation in China. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1015190.
  50. Yao G, Mansor ZD, Ghazali HB, Yan Z. (2024). Impact of psychological capital on job satisfaction: Moderating role of perceived organizational support and emotional intelligence. Environment and Social Psychology; 9(6): 2444. doi:10.59429/esp.v9i6.2444